Niki bita lente yangiza ibidukikije?

Nk’uko iperereza ryakozwe na WGSN ryashyizwe ahagaragara ku ya Kanama 2022, 8% by'imyenda, ibikoresho, ibikapu bikoresha ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije.Ibirango byinshi kandi byinshi, ababikora nabaguzi bita kubidukikije kandi bifite imyumvire yibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije.

None ni izihe ngingo ngenderwaho zikomeye ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bigomba kuba byujuje?

Hano hari ibitekerezo bimwe byerekeranye.

Agaciro PH

Ubuso bwuruhu rwumuntu ni acide nkeya, ifasha mukurinda kwibasirwa na bagiteri。Igiciro cya pH cyimyenda ihita ihura nuruhu igomba kuba hagati ya acide nkeya kandi idafite aho ibogamiye, itazatera uburibwe bwuruhu kandi ntizangiza intege nke. ibidukikije bya acide hejuru yuruhu.

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde ni ibintu byuburozi byangiza protoplazme yingirabuzimafatizo.Irashobora guhuza na poroteyine mu binyabuzima, guhindura imiterere ya poroteyine no kuyikomera.Imyenda irimo fordehide irekura buhoro buhoro fordehide yubusa mugihe cyo kwambara no kuyikoresha, bigatera uburakari bukabije mumitsi yubuhumekero hamwe nuruhu binyuze mu guhura nu myanya y'ubuhumekero y'uruhu ndetse n'uruhu, biganisha ku guhumeka no kuri dermatite.Ingaruka ndende zirashobora gutera gastroenteritis, hepatite, nububabare mu ntoki no kumano.Byongeye kandi, formaldehyde nayo ifite uburakari bukomeye kumaso.Mubisanzwe, iyo kwibumbira hamwe kwa fordehide mu kirere bigeze kuri 4.00mg / kg, amaso yabantu azumva atamerewe neza.Byaragaragaye mubuvuzi ko formaldehyde ari intandaro ikomeye ya allergie kandi ishobora no gutera kanseri.Formaldehyde mu mwenda ahanini ituruka nyuma yo kuvurwa nyuma yigitambara.Kurugero, nkibikoresho byuzuzanya mugukora no kugabanya kurangiza kwihanganira fibre ya selile, resin ya anionic irimo formaldehyde ikoreshwa mugutezimbere ibara ryihuta kugirango habeho ibara ryinshi mugusiga irangi ryimyenda ya pamba.

Gukuramo ibyuma biremereye

Gukoresha irangi ryicyuma ni isoko yingenzi yibyuma biremereye kumyenda, kandi fibre yibimera irashobora kandi gukuramo ibyuma biremereye biva mubutaka cyangwa mwumwuka mugihe cyo gukura no gutunganya.Byongeye kandi, ibyuma bimwe biremereye birashobora kandi kuzanwa mugihe cyo gutunganya amarangi no gucapa imyenda no gutunganya amarangi.Ubumara bwuzuye bwibyuma biremereye kumubiri wumuntu birakabije.Iyo ibyuma biremereye bimaze kwinjizwa numubiri wumuntu, bikunda kwiyegeranya mumagufa nuduce twumubiri.Iyo ibyuma biremereye byegeranije kurwego runaka mubice byanduye, birashobora guteza ingaruka runaka kubuzima.Iki kibazo kirakabije kubana, kuko ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukuramo ibyuma biremereye cyane kurenza ubw'abantu bakuru.Amabwiriza agenga ibyuma biremereye muri Oeko Tex Standard 100 ahwanye naya mazi yo kunywa.

Chlorophenol (PCP / TeCP) na OPP

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) ni imiterere gakondo kandi ikingira ibintu ikoreshwa mu myenda, ibicuruzwa by'uruhu, ibiti, n'ibiti.Ubushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa bwerekanye ko PCP ari uburozi bufite teratogenic na kanseri itera abantu.PCP irahagaze neza kandi ifite inzira ndende yo kwangirika karemano, yangiza ibidukikije.Kubwibyo, iragenzurwa cyane mumyenda n'ibicuruzwa by'uruhu.2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol (TeCP) nigicuruzwa cyibikorwa bya synthesis ya PCP, byangiza abantu kimwe nibidukikije.OPP isanzwe ikoreshwa mugucapura imyenda nka paste kandi yari ikintu gishya cyo kugerageza cyongewe kuri Oeko Tex Standard 100 muri 2001.

Imiti yica udukoko / ibyatsi

Fibre yibimera bisanzwe, nka pamba, irashobora guhingwa hamwe nudukoko twangiza udukoko, nka pesticide zitandukanye, imiti yica ibyatsi, defoliant, fungicide, nibindi. Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko muguhinga ipamba birakenewe.Niba indwara, udukoko, n’ibyatsi bitagenzuwe, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro nubwiza bwa fibre.Hariho imibare ivuga ko niba imiti yica udukoko ibujijwe guhinga impamba zose muri Amerika, bizatuma umusaruro w’ipamba ugabanuka 73% mu gihugu hose.Biragaragara, ibi ntibishoboka.Bimwe mu byica udukoko bikoreshwa mugukura kwipamba bizakirwa na fibre.Nubwo igice kinini cyimiti yica udukoko twakuweho mugihe cyo gutunganya imyenda, haracyashoboka ko bamwe bazaguma kubicuruzwa byanyuma.Iyi miti yica udukoko ifite uburozi butandukanye kumubiri wumuntu kandi bifitanye isano nubunini busigaye kumyenda.Bimwe muribi byoroshye kwinjizwa nuruhu kandi bifite ubumara butandukanye kumubiri wumuntu.Nyamara, niba umwenda utetse neza, urashobora gukuraho neza ibintu byangiza bisigara nka pesticide / herbicides mwenda.

TBT / DBT

TBT / DBT irashobora kwangiza sisitemu yumubiri na hormone yumubiri wumuntu kandi ikagira uburozi butandukanye.Oeko Tex Standard 100 yongewemo nkumushinga mushya wo kwipimisha mu 2000. TBT / DBT iboneka cyane cyane kubibungabunga hamwe na plasitike mu gutunganya imyenda.

Kubuza amarangi ya azo

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko amarangi ya azo amwe ashobora kugabanya amine amwe n'amwe afite ingaruka za kanseri ku bantu cyangwa ku nyamaswa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.Nyuma yo gukoresha amarangi ya azo arimo amine ya kanseri yangiza mumyenda / imyenda, irangi rishobora kwinjizwa nuruhu hanyuma rigakwirakwira mumubiri wumuntu mugihe kirekire.Mugihe gisanzwe cyibinyabuzima byimyororokere ya metabolisme yumuntu, ayo marangi arashobora kugabanuka no kubora muri amine ya kanseri yica kanseri, ishobora gukoreshwa numubiri wumuntu kugirango ihindure imiterere ya ADN, itera indwara zabantu kandi itera kanseri.Kugeza ubu hari ubwoko bugera ku 2000 bwamabara yubukorikori azenguruka ku isoko, muri yo agera kuri 70% ashingiye kuri chimie ya azo, mugihe hari amoko agera kuri 210 y’amabara akekwaho kugabanya amine yangiza kanseri (harimo pigment zimwe na irangi rya azo).Byongeye kandi, amarangi amwe adafite amine ya kanseri yangiza mumiterere yimiti yabyo, ariko kubera uruhare rwabunzi cyangwa gutandukanya bituzuye umwanda nibicuruzwa mugihe cya synthesis, haracyashobora kuboneka amine ya aromatique ya kanseri itera kanseri, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byanyuma bidashobora gutsinda gutahura.

Nyuma yo kurekurwa kwa Oeko Tex Standard 100, guverinoma y'Ubudage, Ubuholandi, na Otirishiya nayo yasohoye amategeko abuza amarangi ya azo hakurikijwe amahame ya Oeko Tex.Itegeko ry’ibicuruzwa by’umuguzi ry’ibihugu by’Uburayi naryo rigenzura ikoreshwa ry’irangi rya azo.

Irangi rya allergie

Iyo irangi rya polyester, nylon, na fibre acetate, hakoreshwa amarangi.Amabara amwe atatanye byagaragaye ko afite ingaruka zo gukangurira.Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko 20 bwamabara ya allergique adashobora gukoreshwa ukurikije amabwiriza 100 ya Oeko Tex Standard.

Chlorobenzene na chlorotoluene

Irangi ryabatwara ni inzira isanzwe yo gusiga ibicuruzwa bya fibre polyester nziza kandi ivanze.Bitewe nuburyo bukomeye bwa supramolecular kandi nta tsinda rikora kumurongo wurunigi, irangi ryabatwara rikoreshwa mugihe risize irangi ryumuvuduko usanzwe.Bimwe mubintu bihenze bya chlorine aromatic, nka trichlorobenzene na dichlorotoluene, nibitwara neza.Ongeraho umwikorezi mugihe cyo gusiga irangi birashobora kwagura imiterere ya fibre no koroshya kwinjira mumabara, ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibyo bintu bya chlorine aromatic byangiza ibidukikije.Ifite teratogenicite na kanseri itera umubiri wumuntu.Ariko ubu, inganda nyinshi zafashe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije aho gusiga irangi ryabatwara.

Kwihuta kw'amabara

Oeko Tex Standard 100 ifata kwihuta kwamabara nkigikoresho cyo kugerageza ukurikije imyenda y’ibidukikije.Niba ibara ryihuta ryimyenda itari nziza, molekile irangi, ion ziremereye, nibindi bishobora kwinjizwa numubiri wumuntu binyuze muruhu, bityo bikangiza ubuzima bwabantu.Ibintu byihuta byamabara bigenzurwa na Oeko Tex bisanzwe 100 harimo: kwihuta kumazi, gukama / gutose, hamwe na aside / alkali ibyuya.Mubyongeyeho, kwihuta kwamacandwe nabyo birageragezwa kubicuruzwa byo murwego rwa mbere。